A layered security approach, often referred to as "defense in depth," bolsters prompt defense by compensating for the probabilistic nature of model training with deterministic external controls. While model training (like RLHF) attempts to align the modelโs internal behavior, it remains susceptible to novel "jailbreaks" and semantic manipulation where the model is tricked into ignoring its safety guidelines. By wrapping the model in independent security layers, organizations create a fail-safe architecture: Input Filtering acts as a perimeter guard to strip malicious syntax and injection attempts before they reach the model; Output Scanning serves as a quality control checkpoint to catch data leakage or harmful content that the model might inadvertently generate; and Sandboxing provides a containment chamber, ensuring that if a model is successfully compromised and attempts to execute malicious code, the damage is isolated from the host system. This triad ensures that a failure in one layer is caught by another, transforming safety from a reliance on the model's obedience into a structural guarantee.
| Defense Layer | Primary Mechanism | Specific Vulnerabilities Addressed | Advantage Over Model Training |
|---|---|---|---|
| Input Filtering | Pre-processing: Scans user prompts for attack signatures, heuristic anomalies, and injection patterns like "Ignore previous instructions." |
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Deterministic Prevention: Blocks known attacks immediately without costing inference compute or relying on the model's ability to "refuse." |
| Output Scanning | Post-processing: Analyzes the model's generated text for sensitive data patterns (Regex) or toxic classifiers before showing it to the user. |
|
Fail-Safe Catch: Intercepts harmful content even if the model was successfully "tricked" into generating it, acting as a final sanity check. |
| Sandboxing | Isolation: Executes model-generated code or tool calls in a restricted, ephemeral environment with no network or file system access. |
|
Consequence Mitigation: Ensures that even if the model fully complies with a malicious request to harm the system, the action is physically contained and harmless. |
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